A society's ever evolving concept of beauty can be examined through the eyes of an artist as well. While it is true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, art will reflect the society majority of what is beautiful. If you study work and focus on the female form alone, this is evident. It is often said that in times of famine, larger women become beautiful, while in time of plenty, thinner women become idolized. In the Middle Ages art, women are often depicted as having a rounded belly, the natural curves and a full breast. Children were sometimes depicted suckling, the woman cautiously smiling at the artist. Today, through the eyes of media (our art form), women are forever becoming thinner, pressed for more fat to be lost. Curves are not praised as much as they were in times past. The clothing in the paintings also portray what is beautiful as it accentuates or displays what is found to be attractive. These are all clues that you can think about while looking at a painting to find out more about the time period in which it was painted.
This is just a basic overview on what is evident when you go through an art book. I invite you to explore the art world with these points in mind. Remember to reflect on the time period, the concept of beauty, what may have been considered wealth and to look at a painting with renewed eyes. Most importantly, remember that while you are trying to understand the artist and what was trying to be conveyed art is also meant to be enjoyed. Take a moment either before your analysis or after to enjoy the light and shadow on the canvas, the light in the subject's eyes and to enjoy the composition that is this piece of art. After all, what is art unless you can't enjoy what is there?